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IRIX Base Documentation 1998 November
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IRIX 6.5.2 Base Documentation November 1998.img
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ar.z
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ar
Wrap
Text File
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1998-10-30
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16KB
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331 lines
AAAARRRR((((1111)))) AAAARRRR((((1111))))
NNNNAAAAMMMMEEEE
ar - archive and library maintainer
SSSSYYYYNNNNOOOOPPPPSSSSIIIISSSS
ar -d [-lv] archive file ...
ar -m [-lv] [-abi] [posname] archive file ...
ar -p [-ls] archive [file ...]
ar -q [-clzf] archive file ...
ar -r [-cuvsfl] [-abi] [posname] archive file ...
ar -t [-vs] archive [file ...]
ar -x [-vosCT] archive [file ...]
DDDDEEEESSSSCCCCRRRRIIIIPPPPTTTTIIIIOOOONNNN
The archiver (aaaarrrr) maintains groups of files as a single archive file.
Generally, you use this utility to create and update library files that
the link editor uses; however, you can use the archiver for any similar
purpose.
This version of aaaarrrr produces both 32-bit and 64-bit archives. The 32-bit
archive format is defined in the System V Release 4 ABI. The 64-bit
archive format is defined in the 64-bit ELF OBJECT File Specification.
32-bit objects and 64-bit objects cannot be mixed in an archive. The
first object determines whether the archive will be 32-bit or 64-bit, if
the archive does not exist to begin with. In compilers of version 7.x
and higher, the archiver also archives WHIRL objects. Mixing is allowed
between 32-bit relocatable ELF objects and 32-bit WHIRL objects, and
between 64-bit relocatable ELF objects and 64-bit WHIRL objects.
Different versions of WHIRL objects are NOT mixable.
If the environment variable _XPG is defined, _a_r operates in conformance
with the X/Open XPG4 specifications. The format of the output may differ
in accordance to the XPG4 standards. Changes are either in the exit
status or the format of the output.
Any option that changes an object library causes the archive-symbol-table
to be updated. This makes adding one file at a time to a library very
slow.
Useless options (such as using option ----uuuu with option ----tttt) are not
diagnosed. NNNNOOOOTTTTEEEE:::: aaaarrrr uses a portable ASCII-format archive that you can
use on various machines that run UNIX.
Options are documented here with a leading hyphen(-) form. An older form
with all option letters together and no leading hyphen is still
supported. The first example below shows the old form.
Examples:
ar cr lib.a a.o b.o
ar -c -r lib.a a.o b.o
ar -cr lib.a a.o b.o
PPPPaaaaggggeeee 1111
AAAARRRR((((1111)))) AAAARRRR((((1111))))
Options are:
----aaaa Position new files in the archive after the file named by the
_p_o_s_n_a_m_e operand. Use this suboption with the mmmm or rrrr options.
----bbbb Position new files in the archive before the file named by the
_p_o_s_n_a_m_e operand. Use this suboption with the mmmm or rrrr options.
----cccc Suppress the normal message that the archiver prints when it creates
the archive file _a_r_c_h_i_v_e. Normally, the archiver creates the
specified archiver file when it needs to.
----CCCC Prevent extracted files from replacing like-named files in the file
system. This option is useful when ----TTTT is also used, to prevent
truncated names from replacing files with the same prefix.
----dddd Delete the specified _f_i_l_es from _a_r_c_h_i_v_e.
----iiii Position new files in the archive before the file named by the
_p_o_s_n_a_m_e operand (equivalent to ----bbbb). Use this suboption with the ----mmmm
or ----rrrr options.
----ffff Adds padding to the end of each object file archived, using the
character '\0'. This enables the loader (lllldddd) to have faster access
to members in the archive while performing static linking. _W_a_r_n_i_n_g:
this option results in the change in size of files permanently,
normally increased by 1 to 15 bytes. In compiler releases 7.1 and
higher, this option is the default.
----llll Puts temporary files in the local directory. If option ----llll is not
supplied and the environment variable TTTTMMMMPPPPDDDDIIIIRRRR is defined then
TTTTMMMMPPPPDDDDIIIIRRRR's value is used as the name of the directory for temporary
files. If neither option ----llll nor TTTTMMMMPPPPDDDDIIIIRRRR is supplied, the archiver
puts its temporary files in the directory /_t_m_p.
----mmmm Moves the specified files to the end of the archive. If you specify
a positioning character, you must also specify the _p_o_s_n_a_m_e (as in
option ----rrrr)))) to tell the archiver where to move the files.
----oooo Force each newly created file to have the `last modified' date that
it had before it was extracted from the archive.
----pppp Prints the contents of the _f_i_l_es from _a_r_c_h_i_v_e to the standard
output. If no _f_i_l_e_s are specified, the contents of all files in the
archive will be written in the order of the archive.
----qqqq Append the specified files to the end of the archive file. The
archiver does not accept suboption positioning characters with the
----qqqq option. It also does not check whether the files you want to add
already exist in the archive. This is useful to bypass the
searching otherwise done when creating a large archive piece by
piece. Since the archive-symbol-table of an object library is
PPPPaaaaggggeeee 2222
AAAARRRR((((1111)))) AAAARRRR((((1111))))
updated with ----qqqq it is advisable to add as many files as possible in
one execution of _a_r. Only ----qqqqzzzz (see ----zzzz below) avoids quadratic
behavior when creating a large object archive piece by piece.
----rrrr Replace or add _f_i_l_es to _a_r_c_h_i_v_e. If the archive named by _a_r_c_h_i_v_e
does not exist, a new archive file will be created and a diagnostic
message will be written to standard error (unless the ----cccc option is
specified). If no _f_i_l_es are specified and the _a_r_c_h_i_v_e exists,
nothing is done. Files that replace existing files will not change
the order of the archive. If you use the suboption ----uuuu with ----rrrr,,,, the
archiver only replaces those files that have `last-modified' dates
later than the archive files. If you use a positioning character
(from the set aaaabbbbiiii)))) you must specify the _p_o_s_n_a_m_e argument to tell the
archiver to put the new files after (aaaa) or before (bbbb or iiii).
Otherwise, the archiver puts new files at the end of the archive.
----ssss Makes an archive-symbol-table file in the archive. The ----ssss option is
automatically added when any of the options ----dddd, ----mmmm, or ----rrrr is
requested.
If you specify ----ssss, the archiver creates the archive-symbol-table
file as its last action before finishing execution. You must
specify at least one other archive option (mmmm, pppp, dddd, rrrr, or tttt) when
you use the ----ssss option.
----tttt Write a table of contents for the files in _a_r_c_h_i_v_e to the standard
output. If you don't specify any file names, write a table of
contents for all files in the order of the archave. If you specify
file names, the archiver writes a table of contents only for those
files.
----TTTT Allow filename truncation of extracted files whose archive names are
longer than the file system can support. By default, extracting a
file with a name that is too long is an error; a diagnostic message
will be written and the file will not be extracted.
----uuuu Update older files. When used with the ----rrrr option, files within the
archive will be replaced only if the corresponding _f_i_l_e is newer
than the existing _a_r_c_h_i_v_e file. This option uses the UNIX system
`last-modified' date for this comparison. ----uuuu gives no warning when
replacement is refused.
----vvvv Gives a verbose file-by-file description as the archiver makes a new
archive file from an old archive and its constituent files. When
you use this option with ----tttt,,,, the archiver lists, on standard output,
all information about the files in the archive. When you use this
option with ----pppp, the archiver writes the name of the file to standard
output before writing the file itself to standard output. If you
add a second ----vvvv additional informational messages can appear.
PPPPaaaaggggeeee 3333
AAAARRRR((((1111)))) AAAARRRR((((1111))))
----xxxx Extract the files named by the _f_i_l_e operands from the _a_r_c_h_i_v_e. The
contents of the archive file will not be changed. If you don't
specify any file names, the archiver extracts all files. Normally,
the `last-modified' date for each extracted file shows the date when
someone extracted it; however, when you use ----oooo,,,, the archiver resets
the `last-modified' date to the date recorded in the archive.
----zzzz Only be useful with ----qqqq. ----qqqqzzzz supresses updating of the archive-
symbol-table and updates the archive in-place. The resulting
archive cannot be used with _l_d (and is not a System V Release 4 ABI
compliant archive) until an archive-symbol-table update is done.
_l_d(1) will fail with a message suggesting use of aaaarrrr ----ttttssss if the last
change to the archive uses ----qqqqzzzz: Use of ----qqqqzzzz is discouraged: the
updates are not checked for duplications and in case of a file or
other error the archive may be destroyed. If any file name added is
longer than 15 characters, line _q_z updates the archive-symbol-table
even with ----qqqqzzzz. If all file names added with qqqqzzzz on a particular
execution are 15 characters or less the archive-symbol-table update
is suppressed (even if some file names already in the archive are
longer than 15 characters). xxxx option.
FFFFIIIILLLLEEEESSSS
/tmp/ar.tmp.v* or TMPDIR/ar.tmp.v* temporaries
SSSSEEEEEEEE AAAALLLLSSSSOOOO
lorder(1), ld(1), ar(4)
System V Application Binary Interface, ISBN 0-13-877598-2, Prentice Hall
NNNNOOOOTTTTEEEESSSS
There is no _r_a_n_l_i_b program in IRIX. Option ----ssss creates the archive-
symbol-table _l_d uses.
Options ----rrrr, ----dddd, ----mmmm, and ----qqqq imply option ----ssss. Since option ----ssss creates an
archive-symbol-table, creating an object library by executing _a_r once per
object file will be very slow. Creating an object library with a single
execution of _a_r is much faster.
DDDDIIIIAAAAGGGGNNNNOOOOSSSSTTTTIIIICCCCSSSS
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx nnnnooootttt ffffoooouuuunnnndddd
The file xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx was not found in the archive. It could mean a simple
misspelling, but it could also mean that you supplied xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx more
than the number of times xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx appears in the archive! Files not
found change the exit code from _a_r but any attempted update of the
archive (by option rrrr for example) is not suppressed.
nnnnooootttt iiiinnnn aaaarrrrcccchhhhiiiivvvveeee ffffoooorrrrmmmmaaaatttt
You probably forgot to specify the archive name in the command.
The _a_r_c_h_i_v_e mentioned in the synopsis should be the archive name.
PPPPaaaaggggeeee 4444
AAAARRRR((((1111)))) AAAARRRR((((1111))))
The diagnostics "s - creating Symbol hash table" and "s - done" are no
longer emitted when ----vvvv is used (to make the -v output standard-
conforming). If you really want to see those messages, add a second v,
as in ----vvvvvvvv.
MMMMOOOORRRREEEE NNNNOOOOTTTTEEEESSSS
The behavior documented in this section is not guaranteed to remain the
same across releases. This section is provided as help in case _a_r does
something surprising.
If there is only one hard link (ie, at most one non-symbolic-link. see
_l_n(2)) to an archive which is being updated then an old archive contents
are replaced by the new contents by _r_e_n_a_m_e(2). Otherwise, when updating,
replacement is by copying the new data onto the old file. If the archive
is updated, the replacement archive is built in the same directory as the
named archive (after following symbolic links to the location of the
named archive).
In case the copy operation mentioned above is interrupted in mid-copy
(which is normally not possible) _a_r will attempt to set the archive
length to 0 and the modification-date to January 1, 1970 as a hint that
the archive is not usable.
If the _a_r command results in an unchanged archive, the old archive will
not be replaced. This is best achieved with, for example, _a_r _r_u _l_i_b._a
_x._o; if the named object file is not put into the archive, the archive is
not modified. The definition of unchanged is very conservative: _a_r _r
_l_i_b._a _x._o, for example, always changes the archive since x.o is added or
replaced (even though x.o itself may be unchanged).
The following is a sampling of traditional _a_r behaviors that you may find
surprising.
If you specify the same file twice in an argument list, it can appear
twice in the archive file.
The oooo option does not change the `last-modified' date of a file unless
you own the extracted file or you are the super-user.
Trailing slashes are removed from file-path-names. Only the final
component of a file-path-name is recorded in an archive. For example, in
/a/b/c/dfile//// the file searched for is /a/b/c/dfile and the name
recorded in the archive is dfile.
If you give _a_r the same name twice in an ar x command the second instance
of the name will provoke a ``not found'' message.
PPPPaaaaggggeeee 5555